Effects of Changing Climate Extremes on Maize Grain Yield in Northeast China

The increased frequency of climate extremes associated with ongoing change has the potential for significant impacts on maize grain yield in maize-producing regions worldwide. In this study, we used a modeling approach to investigate effects different types climatic Northeast China. We combined annual mean air temperature and accumulated precipitation data divided years into 9 categories, using 10th 90th percentiles as extreme thresholds. were represented by 1 normal type, 4 individual extremes, extremes. Changes frequencies their yields analyzed two 30-year periods (period I: 1960–1989; period II: 1990–2019) Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM-Maize). Compared I, occurrences all 3 cold-related (i.e., cold-normal, cold-humid, cold-dry) decreased during II, while other increased. Moreover, according APSIM-Maize model, estimated 4.01%; 26.56%, 12.10%, 6.68%, respectively; 2 warm-related (warm-normal warm-dry) normal-humid 6.39%, 24.12%, 5.10%, respectively. increase occurrence warm-humid 11.69%. This work confirms adverse warmer temperatures absence excess rainfall highlights importance extremely dry or wet conditions under conditions.